What function do anti-lock braking systems (ABS) serve?

Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) serve the critical function of preventing wheel lockup, particularly on slippery surfaces like ice, snow, or wet roads. When a driver applies the brakes abruptly, ABS automatically modulates brake pressure to each wheel, allowing them to continue rotating instead of locking up. This mechanism helps maintain steering control while braking, which can be crucial in emergencies when precise maneuvering is necessary to avoid obstacles. By preventing wheel lockup, ABS significantly enhances vehicle stability and reduces the risk of skidding, thereby improving safety during various driving conditions.

The other functions listed do not pertain to the role of ABS; they relate to different aspects of vehicle performance and handling. For example, reducing engine load and enhancing engine performance are more related to engine management and performance tuning rather than braking systems. Increasing stopping distance is contrary to the purpose of ABS, as it is designed to promote effective stopping without compromising control.