What occurs when stopping a vehicle?

When stopping a vehicle, energy of motion, also known as kinetic energy, is converted to heat through friction. This occurs primarily through the brake system, where brake pads clamp down on brake rotors or drums, creating friction that slows down the wheels and ultimately brings the vehicle to a stop. The kinetic energy generated by the vehicle's speed is transformed into heat energy due to this friction, effectively slowing the vehicle down.

This conversion is crucial for safe stopping. The process involves a significant amount of heat being generated, which is why brake components can get very hot during extended use. Understanding this process helps drivers appreciate the importance of maintaining their braking systems for optimal performance and safety. The other options do not accurately capture the mechanical and physical principles at work during the stopping process.