What phenomenon occurs when brakes stop functioning due to overheating?

Brake fade is the phenomenon that occurs when brakes stop functioning effectively due to overheating. This condition arises when the brake components, such as the brake pads and rotors, reach temperatures that exceed their optimal operating range. When brakes heat up excessively, the friction material can lose its ability to grip the rotor effectively, leading to diminished stopping power.

As the brakes are applied, friction generates heat; if the brakes are used continuously, such as on a long downhill or during frequent, rapid stops, the excessive heat build-up can lead to a reduction in effectiveness. This is why maintaining proper brake temperature is crucial for safe vehicle operation. Recognizing signs of brake fade, such as a spongy brake pedal or longer stopping distances, is essential for safe driving practices. Regular maintenance and judicious use of brakes can help prevent this condition, ensuring that the brakes operate effectively when needed.